How to Install and Use MS SQL Server on Linux

In the year 2016, Microsoft surprised the IT world with the announcement of their plans to bring MS SQL Server to Linux.

Under Satya Nadella’s leadership, the Redmond giant has made significant progress towards taking advantage of the areas where Linux dominates the industry (such as the technologies that power the cloud). The move to make SQL Server available in Linux is yet another indicative of this approach.

Whatever the company’s motivations behind this initiative, Linux system administrators are likely to need to learn how to install, maintain, and use MS SQL Server – especially considering that the preview version packages are already available for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3+ (includes CentOS 7.3+ as well) and Ubuntu Server 16.04 bits (sorry – no 32-bit version available!).

The only 「fancy」 system requirement of the preview version is that the system where it is installed must have at least 2 GB of RAM.

Installing MS SQL Server on Linux

In this quickstart article, we will explain how to install SQL Server 2019 preview on RHEL/CentOS 7.3+ releases and Ubuntu 16.04.

Installing MS SQL Server on RHEL/CentOS 7.3+

1. To install SQL Server on RHEL/CentOS 7.3+ releases, download the Microsoft SQL Server 2019 preview Red Hat repository configuration files, which will install the mssql-server package and mssql-tools using the following curl commands.

# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-preview.repo
# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/msprod.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/prod.repo

2. Then install the SQL Server and mssql-tools with the unixODBC developer package using yum package manager, as shown.

# yum install -y mssql-server mssql-tools unixODBC-devel

3. When the installation is complete, you will be reminded to run the configuration script (/opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf) to accept the license terms, set the password for the SA user, and choose your edition.

# /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

4. Once the configuration is done, verify that the SQL Server service is running.

# systemctl status mssql-server

5. Open port 1433/tcp on your firewall in order to allow external clients to communicate with the database server:

If you’re using firewalld:

# firewall-cmd --add-port=1433/tcp --permanent
# firewall-cmd --reload

Otherwise (using iptables):

# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1433 -j ACCEPT
# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables

Installing MS SQL Server on Ubuntu 16.04

1. In order for Ubuntu to trust the packages from the MS SQL Server repositories, import the GPG keys using the following wget command.

$ wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | sudo apt-key add -

2. Add the Microsoft SQL Server Ubuntu repository for SQL Server 2019 preview.

$ sudo add-apt-repository "$(wget -qO- https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/mssql-server-preview.list)"
$ curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/msprod.list

3. Resynchronize the package index files and update the core package and additional tools:

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install mssql-server mssql-tools unixodbc-dev -y

4. Run the configuration script as in the previous case:

$ sudo /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

SQL Server Setup on Linux

5. Choose 「Yes」 when prompted to accept the license terms for MS SQL Tools:

Configuring MSSQL Tools on Linux Testing MS SQL Server on Linux

We will login to the server and create a database named Fabrics. The -P switch must be followed by the password you chose when you installed the package previously:

$ sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P 'YourPasswordHere'
CREATE DATABASE Fabrics
exit

Create MSSQL Database on Linux

If you’re using Linux, you can continue using the command-line as shown above. Otherwise, install SQL Server Management Studio Express if you’re on Windows.

Once done, enter the IP of the database server (192.168.0.200 in this case) and the login credentials (username=sa, password=YourPasswordHere):

Connect to MSSQL Server

Upon successful login, the Fabrics database should appear at the left-hand side:

Confirm MSSQL Database

Next, click New Query to open a new query window where you’ll insert the contents of the Fabrics script from Codeproject.com, then click Execute.

If successful, you will see the script created 5 tables and the number of records in each:

Create a Sample SQL Database

To wrap up, run the following query to retrieve the first 5 records from the Clients table:

USE Fabrics
SELECT TOP 5 FirstName, LastName,
DateOfBirth FROM Client
GO

The results should be identical to the output in the following image:

Run MSSQL Database Queries on Linux

Congratulations! You have successfully installed and tested MS SQL Server on Linux!

Summary

In this article, we have explained how to install MS SQL Server on RHEL / CentOS and Ubuntu Server.

Due to the newfound closeness of Microsoft and Linux, Linux system administrators will need to be knowledgeable on MS SQL Server if they want to stay at the top of their game.

By mid-2017, the same SQL Server editions will be offered on Linux as today on Windows: Enterprise, Standard, Web, Express, and Developer. The last two are free but only the Express edition will be licensed for production use (but with resource limits).

As always, feel free to use the comment form below to drop us a note if you have any questions. We look forward to hearing from you!