How to Display Linux Hardware Info via Command Line
Abstract: bus of USB devices etc. You can run the following command to get brief information$ inxi The command will return the information of CPU and Memory as
When a user works on a Linux system, in some cases, the user needs to know the information about the hardware under the operating system. This helps us to install compatible applications and utilities which adapt to hardware components of the system.
This tutorial will go through many utilities with detailed explanations of how to get the Linux hardware information.
1. lshwThe lshw stands for List Hardware. It collects the detailed information of the hardware on your system. lshw can show you the name of mainboard, CPU information, bus speed and firmware version and more.
In order to display the information of all the hardware components, run:
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How To View System Information in Windows 11$ sudo lshwIf you want to shorten the result, run the command with -short option:
$ sudo lshw -shortYou will receive the brief list of hardware components on your Linux system:
H/W path Device Class Description
==========================================================
system Precision T1700 (Precision T1700)
/0 bus 0TDG4V
/0/0 memory 64KiB BIOS
/0/3a processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
/0/3a/3b memory 256KiB L1 cache
/0/3a/3c memory 1MiB L2 cache
/0/3a/3d memory 8MiB L3 cache
/0/3e memory 8GiB System Memory
/0/3e/0 memory DIMM [empty]Display disk properties and storage device properties on Linux system by running:
$ sudo lshw -class disk -class storageYou can get the brief result you may use the option -short:
$ sudo lshw -class disk -class storage -shortThis tool is also available in a GTK graphical version:
Inxi is a powerful feature-rich command line tool for Linux users when they want to get the information of system hardware, CPU, RAM, Graphics card, drivers, battery, kernel, process information, and more.
By default, Inxi is not pre-installed on Linux. In order to use it, install the inxi package by running the following command:
$ sudo apt install inxiRunning inxi without any option:
$ inxiThe command will return the information of CPU and Memory as follows:
CPU: Quad Core Intel Core i7-4790 (-MT MCP-) speed/min/max: 2195/800/4000 MHz Kernel: 5.4.0-37-generic x86_64 Up: 1d 2h 10m
Mem: 5649.7/7869.6 MiB (71.8%) Storage: 465.76 GiB (5.9% used) Procs: 412 Shell: bash 5.0.16 inxi: 3.0.38In order to get the graphics info, run the following command:
$ inxi -GOutput
Graphics: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
Device-2: NVIDIA GM107GL [Quadro K620] driver: nvidia v: 440.64
Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.8 driver: modesetting,nvidia unloaded: fbdev,nouveau,vesa
resolution: 1920x1080~60Hz, 1920x1080~60Hz
OpenGL: renderer: Quadro K620/PCIe/SSE2 v: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 440.64 To show audio/sound card information, run:
$ inxi -AOutput
Audio: Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-2: Intel 8 Series/C220 Series High Definition Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
Device-3: NVIDIA GM107 High Definition Audio [GeForce 940MX] driver: snd_hda_intel
Sound Server: ALSA v: k5.4.0-39-generic To show battery data, charge, condition, plus extra information (if battery present), run the command with -B option:
$ inxi -BOutput
Battery: ID-1: BAT0 charge: 40.0 Wh condition: 40.0/48.8 Wh (82%)The hwinfo command is a powerful tool for Linux users to get the detail of hardware components of system. It helps you collect almost of information about: CPU, USB controller, graphics controller, network devices and more.
You can use hwinfo command with --short and --devicetype options to list a specific type of information.
Display information about NIC cards and find out what eth0, eth1 stands for by running:
$ sudo hwinfo --netcard --shortIn order to display storage information with hwinfo command, run:
$ sudo hwinfo --storage --shortLikewise, to display list of partitions and hard disks, run the following command:
$ sudo hwinfo --block --shortThe lscpu will show you all the information of your CPU such as number of CPUs, cores, threads, sockets and CPU family, caches, model and more.
You can get the detail of the CPU by running the following command:
$ lscpuThe output of the command will be something likes this:
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
Address sizes: 39 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s): 8
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-7
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 4
Socket(s): 1
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 60
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4790 CPU @ 3.60GHz
Stepping: 3
CPU MHz: 888.262
CPU max MHz: 4000,0000
CPU min MHz: 800,0000
BogoMIPS: 7183.65
Virtualization: VT-x
L1d cache: 128 KiB
L1i cache: 128 KiB
L2 cache: 1 MiB
L3 cache: 8 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-7
Vulnerability Itlb multihit: KVM: Mitigation: Split huge pages
Vulnerability L1tf: Mitigation; PTE Inversion; VMX conditional cache flushes, SMT vulnerable
...Moreover, if you want to view the speed of the CPU in MHz, run the command:
$ lscpu | grep -i MHzThe lsscsi is used to list all of the SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) devices and NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory express) devices on your machine.
By default, the lsscsi is not pre-installed on Ubuntu, run the following command to install:
$ sudo apt install lsscsiYou can simply use the command by running:
$ lsscsiThe output:
[0:0:0:0] disk ATA ST500DM002-1SB10 CC43 /dev/sdaThe lsblk command will show you the details of all the block devices in a tree format. It gathers information from sysfs filesystem and udev database.
In order to list all of block devices and their partitions and sizes, let's run the following command:
$ lsblkOutput
Output
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 39G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 35,1G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 3,9G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 918M 0 rom The lsusb is a powerful tool for displaying all the information about USB devices connected to USB buses of your Linux system. The information contains: speed, class, vendor id, product id, bus of USB devices etc.
You can run the following command to get brief information:
$ lsusbOutput
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 046d:c077 Logitech, Inc. M105 Optical Mouse
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 046d:c31d Logitech, Inc. Media Keyboard K200
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8008 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubIf you want to display the specified device with Bus and Device number, run the command with '-s' option. For example:
$ lsusb -s 1:1The output:
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubThis standard Linux utility shows what your systems have got internally. The command is a combination of ls, the standard command to list files and PCI that is for the peripheral connection. You can also expect your results to include AGP and onboard components like your USB chipset.
The command is much helpful in diagnosing bugs related to PCI devices. Using '-t' option of lspci command you can see PCI layout in a tree format.
$ lspci -tIn order to get more detailed information, use -v option with -t option:
$ lspci -tvYou can just run lspci command to display basic device information:
$ lspciThe dmesg command is useful to find out some info about hardware events. It displays the contents of the system log.
The following command lists all references to universal serial bus devices:
$ sudo dmesg | grep -i usbOutput
[ 0.754057] ACPI: bus type USB registered
[ 0.754057] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.754057] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.754057] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 1.708662] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 1.709302] ehci-pci 0000:02:01.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[ 1.724205] ehci-pci 0000:02:01.0: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00
[ 1.724285] usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002, bcdDevice= 5.03
[ 1.724286] usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.724288] usb usb1: Product: EHCI Host Controller
[ 1.724289] usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 5.3.0-53-generic ehci_hcd
[ 1.724290] usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:02:01.0
[ 1.724478] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[ 1.724731] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[ 1.724756] uhci_hcd: USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
[ 1.725463] uhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[ 1.725845] usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0001, bcdDevice= 5.03
[ 1.725846] usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
[ 1.725847] usb usb2: Product: UHCI Host Controller
[ 1.725848] usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 5.3.0-53-generic uhci_hcd
The following command shows all serial ports:$ sudo dmesg | grep -i ttyIn order to display the details about physical memory that is RAM, run:
$ sudo dmesg | grep -i memoryDmidecode stands for Desktop Management Interface decode, it is a powerful tool for retrieving the information of CPU, RAM, serial numbers, BIOS,... The command will show you the hardware details in a human-readable format.
In order to get the Information about BIOS, run:
$ sudo dmidecode -t biosOutput
# dmidecode 3.1
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
Version: 6.00
Release Date: 12/12/2018
Address: 0xEA490
Runtime Size: 88944 bytes
ROM Size: 64 kB
Characteristics:
ISA is supported
PCI is supported
PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
PNP is supported
APM is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
ESCD support is available
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
EDD is supported
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
BIOS Revision: 4.6
Firmware Revision: 0.0If you want to display the hardware components information by ID, run the command with -t option following by a number ID (DMI).
For example, the following command will show you the information of memory Device:
$ sudo dmidecode -t 17The hdparm stands for Hard Disk Parameter. It's a Linux command line utility used for handling hard disk devices. You can also use hdparm command to set parameters such as power management, sleep mode, drive caches, Direct Memory Access settings, etc.
For instance, in order to display information of the hard disk, run the following command:
$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdaAnother example, you can use hdparm to test the speed of hard disk by running the following command:
$ sudo hdparm -t /dev/sdaThe /proc directory contains lots of system and hardware information. You can try the following commands to get more info on devices:
$ procinfoThe output of the command will be something likes this:
Memory: Total Used Free Buffers
RAM: 2006008 916292 1089716 32776
Swap: 969960 234240 735720
Bootup: Thu Jun 11 15:57:16 2020 Load average: 0.21 0.08 0.02 1/416 21023
user : 01:34:39.97 0.2% page in : 10461037
nice : 00:04:15.50 0.0% page out: 26333420
system: 01:10:25.63 0.2% page act: 2931885
IOwait: 00:13:23.38 0.0% page dea: 2769585
hw irq: 00:00:00.00 0.0% page flt: 93862705
sw irq: 00:09:00.39 0.0% swap in : 6039
idle : 4w 3d 05:52:38.52 99.6% swap out: 63794
uptime: 2w 1d 17:21:09.14 context : 444207086
irq 0: 3 2-edge timer irq 38: 0 372736-edge PCIe
irq 1: 9 1-edge i8042 irq 39: 0 374784-edge PCIe
irq 8: 1 8-edge rtc0 irq 40: 0 376832-edge PCIe
docker0 TX 566.00B RX 0.00B lo TX 255.69KiB RX 255.69KiB
ens160 TX 48.13MiB RX 667.44MiB In addition, you can run some other commands in order to get information about CPU, Memory, and PCI devices respectively.
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
$ cat /proc/meminfo
$ cat /proc/pciSometimes, you want to know whether the free memory (RAM) is enough to launch or install a new program? In this case, you can use free command to get information about memory detail in your Linux system.
The free command not only shows you information about the total amount of physical RAM and swap but also free and used memory. For example:
$ free -hOutput
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 1,9G 1,0G 760M 14M 165M 762M
Swap: 947M 243M 704MIn this tutorial, we learned how to use Linux command line to get information about the hardware components of the system.
Thanks for reading and please leave your suggestion in the below comment section.
Read Also:- 11 Linux dmesg Commands to Print Kernel Ring Buffer
- 7 Ways to Display Hardware Information using Dmidecode
