Create KVM Virtual Machine Snapshot with Virsh Command

While working on the virtualization platform system administrators usually take the snapshot of virtual machine before doing any major activity like deploying the latest patch and code.

Virtual machine snapshot is a copy of virtual machine’s disk at the specific point of time. In other words we can say snapshot keeps or preserve the state and data of a virtual machine at given point of time.

Where we can use VM snapshots ..?

If you are working on KVM based hypervisors we can take virtual machines or domain snapshot using the virsh command. Snapshot becomes very helpful in a situation where you have installed or apply the latest patches on the VM but due to some reasons, application hosted in the VMs becomes unstable and application team wants to revert all the changes or patches. If you had taken the snapshot of the VM before applying patches then we can restore or revert the VM to its previous state using snapshot.

Note: We can only take the snapshot of the VMs whose disk format is Qcow2 and raw disk format is not supported by kvm virsh command, Use below command to convert the raw disk format to qcow2

# qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 image-name.img image-name.qcow2

Create KVM Virtual Machine (domain) Snapshot

I am assuming KVM hypervisor is already configured on RHEL 7/8 or CentOS / Rocky Linux and VMs are running on it. We can list the all the VMs on hypervisor using below virsh command,

[[email protected] ~]# virsh list --all
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------
 94    centos7.0                      running
 101   overcloud-controller           running
 102   overcloud-compute2             running
 103   overcloud-compute1             running
 114   webserver                      running
 115   Test-MTN                       running
[[email protected] ~]#

Let’s suppose we want to create the snapshot of ‘webserver‘ VM, run the below command,

Syntax :

# virsh snapshot-create-as –domain {vm_name} –name {snapshot_name} –description  「enter description here」

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain webserver --name webserver_snap --description "snap before patch on 4Feb2018"
Domain snapshot webserver_snap created
[[email protected] ~]#

Once the snapshot is created then we can list snapshots related to the VM using below command,

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-list webserver
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 webserver_snap       2018-02-04 15:05:05 +0530 running
[[email protected] ~]#

To list the detailed info of  VM’s snapshot, run the beneath virsh command,

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-info --domain webserver --snapshotname webserver_snap
Name:           webserver_snap
Domain:         webserver
Current:        yes
State:          running
Location:       internal
Parent:         -
Children:       0
Descendants:    0
Metadata:       yes
[[email protected] ~]#

We can view the size of snapshot using below qemu-img command,

[[email protected] ~]# qemu-img info /var/lib/libvirt/images/snaptestvm.img

Revert / Restore  KVM virtual machine to snapshot

Let’s assume we want to revert or restore webserver VM to the snapshot that we have created in above step. Use below virsh command to restore Webserver VM to its snapshot 「webserver_snap」

Syntax :

# virsh snapshot-revert {vm_name} {snapshot_name}

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-revert webserver webserver_snap
[[email protected] ~]#

Delete KVM virtual machine snapshots

To delete KVM virtual machine snapshots, first get the VM’s snapshot details using 「virsh snapshot-list」 command and then use 「virsh snapshot-delete」 command to delete the snapshot. Example is shown below:

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-list --domain webserver
 Name                 Creation Time             State
------------------------------------------------------------
 webserver_snap       2018-02-04 15:05:05 +0530 running
[[email protected] ~]#

[[email protected] ~]# virsh snapshot-delete --domain webserver --snapshotname webserver_snap
Domain snapshot webserver_snap deleted
[[email protected] ~]#

That’s all from this article, I hope you guys get an idea on how to manage KVM virtual machine snapshots using virsh command. Please do share your feedback and don’t hesitate to share it among your technical friends.

Also Read : How to Create and Manage KVM Virtual Machines via Command Line